Michèle Métail - The genre of poems that may be read both forward and backward, producing different creations was known as the "flight of wild geese." Su Hui, in the 4th Century, embroidered a silk for her distant husband using a grid of 840 characters that created perhaps 12,000 ways to read this poem

Michèle Métail, Wild Geese Returning, Trans.

by Jody Gladding, NYRB Classics, 2017.

For nearly two thousand years, the condensed language of classical Chinese has offered the possibility of writing poems that may be read both forward and backward, producing entirely different creations. The genre was known as the "flight of wild geese," and the poems were often symbolically or literally sent to a distant lover, in the hope that he or she, like the migrating birds, would return. Its greatest practitioner, and the focus of this critical anthology, is Su Hui, a woman who, in the fourth century, embroidered a silk for her distant husband consisting of a grid of 840 characters. No one has ever fully explored all of its possibilities, but it is estimated that the poem-and the poems within the poem-may be read as many as twelve thousand ways. Su Hui herself said, "As it lingers aimlessly, twisting and turning, it takes on a pattern of its own. No one but my beloved can be sure of comprehending it." With examples ranging from the third to the nineteenth centuries, Michele Metail brings the scholarship of a Sinologist and the playfulness of an avant-gardist to this unique collection of perhaps the most ancient of experimental poems. It is, as she writes, "a singular adventure at the edge of meaning, of language, and of writing."